Mangrove Ecosystem Services in Tobago: Challenges, Uses and Future Prospects

Mangroves in Tobago face challenges from anthropogenic disturbances such as pollution, fragmentation and cover loss through conversion to alternative uses for economic development. However, mangroves also provide a wide range of use and non-use benefits or ecosystem services (ES) to the residents of Tobago. In this study 36 key informant interviews and two focus group discussions were undertaken to identify current uses, challenges, and future opportunities for the mangrove areas, particularly in South-West Tobago. The key informant interviews involved various stakeholder groups that have a vested interest in the use of the mangrove. The two focus-group discussions were done with residents and fishers. NVivo 12 was used in the qualitative analysis to code the data on ES uses, challenges and opportunities. Current ES uses (direct and indirect) identified include forestry products, crab and shellfish, recreation, scientific research, water purification and coastal protection. Non-use (bequest and existence) benefits identified include the aesthetics, biodiversity and habitat. Option and future-uses opportunities include more developed eco-tourism ventures, sustainable development, an exploration of the viability of tannin extraction and further employment opportunities from the provision of fisheries products to the growing tourism sector on the island.